Ocean Worlds 4

May 21–22, 2019

Columbia, Maryland

Program and Abstracts

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

9:00 a.m.	USRA Conference Center	Modeling of Ice Shells I
1:00 p.m.	USRA Conference Center	Modeling of Ice Shells II
5:00 p.m.	USRA Education Gallery	Poster Session

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

9:00 a.m.	USRA Conference Center	Water in Ice: Modeling, Field, and Lab Work
1:00 p.m.	USRA Conference Center	Water in Ice: Mission Proposals and Field Work

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

MODELING OF ICE SHELLS I

9:00 a.m. USRA Conference Center

Chair: Jonathan Kay

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Times	Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
9:00 a.m.		Opening Remarks and Welcome
9:20 a.m.	Craft K. L. * Walker C. C. Quick L. C. Lowell R. P. Roberts J.	Icy Ocean Worlds / Stress, Heat, and Fracture? / ....Just Let it Flow! [#6022] Stress, heat, and fluid flow can induce fracturing and cause surface modification. We present modeling work on these topics for icy ocean worlds.
10:00 a.m.	Montesi L. G. J. * Howell S. M. Pappalardo R. T.	Ice thickness on Europa: Effects of Convection and Rifting [#6007] The ice shell of Europa should be ~20 km thicker at the poles, and convection limited to less than ~60° latitude. Band should stand at lower elevation than regional plains if active and rise when activity stops.
10:20 a.m.	Roberts J. H. * Kay J. P.	Evolution of Ice Shells on Ocean Worlds [#6017] Freezing and melting / Ocean worlds not steady state / Grids must be redrawn.
10:40 a.m.	Howell S. M. * Pappalardo R. T.	The Fate of Icy Slabs on Europa: Implications for Detecting Active Convergent Margins in Ocean World Ice Shells [#6036] We use two-dimensional models of an icy slab intruding into Europa’s ice shell interior to predict temperature, density, porosity, and composition over time. As a slab subsumes, we predict the isostatic topography and timescales of reincorporation.
11:00 a.m.		Discussion
12:00 p.m.		Lunch

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

MODELING OF ICE SHELLS II

1:00 p.m. USRA Conference Center

Chair: Kathleen Craft

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Times	Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
1:00 p.m.	Rhoden A. R. * Walker M. E.	The Complex Viscosity Structure of Icy Shells in Non-Synchronously Rotating Moons and Implications for Transport Processes [#6020] Spinning icy shells / Cause shallow tidal heating / Warming from within.
1:20 p.m.	Lobo A. H. * Thompson A. F. Vance S. D.	The Influence of Ice on Overturning Circulation in Ocean Worlds [#6040] Ice-ocean interactions, which are likely to have a significant impact on overturning circulations of ocean worlds and provide insight into their evolutions, are explored here with a combination of conceptual and idealized ocean models.
1:40 p.m.	Tyler R. H. *	The Long-Term Maintenance of Liquid-Water Oceans by Self-Tuned Ocean Tidal Resonance [#6016] This presentation describes the process of self-tuned resonance in the tidal response of an ice+ocean coupled system. It also describes the availability of the TROPF (Tidal Response of Planetary Fluids) software package.
2:00 p.m.	Hesse M. A. * Jordan J. S. Vance S. D. McCarthy C.	Brine Drainage from Chaotic Terrains as a Source of Oxidants for Europa’s Interior Ocean [#6019] We investigate the downward transport of surface oxidants by the percolation of dense brines formed during the formation of chaotic terrains.
2:20 p.m.		Discussion
3:00 p.m.		Break
3:20 p.m.	Hay H. C. F. C. * Matsuyama I.	Ocean-Ice Shell Coupling and Nonlinear Tidal Dissipation in Ocean Worlds [#6037] Our numerical ocean tide model is coupled to the elastic response of an overlying ice shell. We investigate how ice shells of varying thickness impact the dynamical response of the ocean to tidal forcing and how they affect oceanic tidal heating.
3:40 p.m.	Hammond N. P. *	Near-Surface Melt on Europa: Modeling the Formation and Migration of Brines in a Dynamic Ice Shell [#6024] I examine how the presences of salts affect the dynamics of melt generation and migration in Europa’s ice shell. I find that low-temperature brines can readily be generated in the near-surface by shear heating beneath strike-slip faults.
4:00 p.m.	Buffo J. J. * Schmidt B. E. Huber C. Walker C. C.	Quantifying Impurity Entrainment at Ice-Liquid Interfaces [#6006] A one-dimensional model of salt entrainment in planetary ices — implications for icy world geodynamics, habitability, and spacecraft data analysis.
4:20 p.m.		Discussion

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

POSTER SESSION

5:00 p.m. USRA Education Gallery

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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
Hay H. de Kleer K. McEwen A. Park R. S. Bierson C. J. Davies A. G. DellaGiustina D. Ermakov A. I. Fuller J. Hamilton C. Harris C. Jacobson R. A. Keane J. Kestay L. Khurana K. Kirby K. Lainey V. Matsuyama I. McCarthy C. Nimmo F. Panning M. Pommier A. Rathbun J. Steinbrügge G. Stevenson D. Tsai V. C. Turtle E.	Tidal Heating: Lessons from Io and the Jovian System (Report from the KISS Workshop) [#6035] Summary of the Keck Institute for Space Studies workshop entitled “Tidal Heating: Lessons from Io and the Jovian System,” held on October 15–19, 2018.
Nixon C. A. Hewagama T. Bower D. M. Eigenbrode J. L. Regberg A. B. Cousins C. R. Stern J. C. Wasser M.	Field Study of a Europa Analog Environment in Iceland [#6013] In August 2018 a NASA GSFC-led team studied a Europa analog site in Iceland. A multi-instrument approach was used to characterize the geochemical and bacterial environment. Preliminary results from the study will be described.
Wagner N. Y. Hahn A. S. Andersen D. Roy C. Wilhelm M. B. Vanderwilt M. Johnson S. S.	Metagenomic Profiling of the Methane-Rich Anoxic Waters of Lake Untersee as an Ocean Worlds Analog [#6025] Samples were collected along the water column of the anoxic basin of Lake Untersee in Antarctica, a methane-rich environment. DNA and RNA were extracted and sequenced in order to build a microbial profile and analyze gene clusters and active pathways.
Wolfenbarger N. S. Soderlund K. M. Blankenship D. D.	Revisiting the Salt Distribution Coefficient for Icy Ocean Worlds [#6026] Here we summarize existing empirical salt distribution coefficient relationships, evaluate these relationships in context of additional ice core data, and discuss where these relationships might be applicable to processes on icy ocean worlds.
Shank T. M. Machado C. German C. R. Bowen A. Leichty J. M. Klesh A. T. Smith R. G. Hand K. P.	Development of a New Class of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), Orpheus, for the Exploration of Ocean World Analogues [#6021] The development of the new Orpheus class AUV is aimed to pursue the habitability of life on Earth and foremost questions in hadal research (6-11 km depth), as well as from ice-covered poles to the (Ocean World analogs that are) deepest trenches.
Craft K. L. Meyer-Dombard D. R. Dombard A. J. Oleson S. L. Newman J. M. NASA Glenn Compass Team	Dive! Dive! Dive! To Europa’s Ocean, a Tunnelbot Concept Study [#6012] Here, we present a nuclear powered robotic mission concept to tunnel into Europa until reaching the ocean, then sample for signatures of life and assess habitability.
Craft K. L. Hand K. P. Phillips C. B. Cable M. L. Hoffmann A. E. Europa Project Science and Engineering	Digging Into the Ice: The Europa Lander Mission Concept [#6014] Europa Lander mission concept updates. Europa Lander would seek to further explore Europa’s chemistry, geology, geophysics, and habitability from a landed perspective, into the ice.
Lorenz R. D. Panning M. Staehler S. C. Shiraishi H. Yamada R. Turtle E. P.	Probing the Internal Structure of the Most Accessible Ocean World: Titan Seismology with Dragonfly [#6031] Dragonfly can sound / Ocean World’s interior / Using seismic waves.
Kotlarz J. P. Kubiak K. A. Zalewska N. E.	Potential Biological Component of the Enceladus Environment. Kinetic Simulation for the 10 km Thick Ocean Model [#6001] Habitable conditions of the Enceladus’ subsurface ocean are research object in the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw (Poland). Our paper presents first results of kinetic (particle-in-cell) simulation of the ocean parameters with biological component.
Kay J. P. Rhoden A. R. Stickle A. M.	Investigating the Effects of Shallow Liquid Water on Crater Formation [#6004] Craters into ice / May reveal hidden layers / Model all the things.
Wong T. Hansen U. Wiesehöfer T. Stellmach S. McKinnon W. B.	Layer Formation and Evolution in Icy Satellite Subsurface Oceans by Double-Diffusive Convection [#6032] Europa’s subsurface ocean can be layered by the process of double-diffusive convection, which affect heat and material transport through the ocean. The ice-water and water-rock interactions may affect the survival of layers in the ocean.
Buratti B. J.	Photometry as a Tool for Identifying and Characterizing Oceans Below [#6033] We discuss some novel ways to identify possible regions of venting from a subsurface ocean.
Paardekooper D. M. Henderson B. Gudipati M. S.	Plume Profile Studies of Nanosecond Laser Induced Desorption of Water Ice — Amorphous Versus Crystalline [#6015] The interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse with water ice (amorphous and crystalline) has been investigated using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By varying the IR laser wavelength, we are able to learn more about the processes involved.
Irons K. M. Craft K. L. Van Volkenburg T. B. Ohiri K. A. Skerritt J. K. Hagedon M. A. Bradburne C. E.	Development of On-Chip Purification of Proteinogenic Amino Acids, for In Situ Extraterrestrial Analyses on Ocean Worlds [#6028] A microfluidic chip is used to desalinate proteinogenic amino acids in solution. This technique may be implemented to purify samples for multiple downstream analytical analyses for detecting biosignatures in extraterrestrial environments.
Jost B. Hodyss R. Johnson P. V.	Dehydration Kinetics of Hydrohalite Under Laboratory Conditions [#6003] We present laboratory near infrared spectra of frozen NaCl brines and discuss differences between slab ice and granular ice samples in terms of dehydration kinetics.
Dougherty A. J.	Freezing Sodium Sulfate Solutions at Elevated Pressures, with Application to Europa [#6018] We use optical images, and pressure, temperature, and volume measurements, to determine eutectic transitions in the Na2SO4-H2O system. The freezing point depression and sluggish dynamics could affect interactions of Europa’s ocean and icy shell.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

WATER IN ICE: MODELING, FIELD, AND LAB WORK

9:00 a.m. USRA Conference Center

Chair: Dina Bower

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Times	Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
9:00 a.m.	Murray A. E. *	Polar Windows to Ocean Worlds of the Outer Solar System [#6042] Recent studies in previously unexplored Antarctic ecosystems have modified our understanding of the cryosphere and polar oceans by providing new revelations regarding habitability and life’s ability to adapt to harsh conditions.
9:40 a.m.	Toner J. D. * Catling D. C. Fifer L.	The Chemistry of Enceladus’ Ocean [#6005] Enceladus’ ocean chemistry is critical for understanding the potential for life, but measured plume compositions will not directly reflect the ocean because of fractionation processes. We account for these processes through lab and modeling work.
10:00 a.m.	Takahagi W. * Seo K. Shibuya T. Takano Y. Fujishima K. Saitoh M. Shimamura S. Matsui Y. Tomita M. Takai K.	Mineral Surface-Assisted Abiotic Peptide Synthesis Under Enceladus Alkaline Hydrothermal Condition [#6034] This is the first experimental evidence showing that biologically relevant short polymer can potentially form in Enceladus ocean and has impact on future astrobiology-related space missions.
10:20 a.m.	Lawrence J. D. * Schmidt B. E. Meister M. R. Dichek D. J. G. Ramey C. D. Hurwitz B. Spears A. M. Mullen A. D. Bryson F. E. Buffo J. J. Glass J. B. Stockton A. M. Hobbs T.	Observations of Variable Basal Ice Morphology in Antarctica [#6029] The boundary between ice shell and interior ocean is an important interface. Terrestrial analog observations via ROV indicate that basal ice morphology is highly variable and closely linked to temperature, pressure, and salinity.
10:40 a.m.	Schmidt B. E. * Lawrence J. D. Meister M. R. Dichek D. J. D. Ramey C. D. Hurwitz B. Spears A. M. Mullen A. D. Bryson F. E. Buffo J. J. Glass J. B. Stockton A. M.	Ocean-Glacier Interactions in the McMurdo Sound: Lessons for Deep Ice on Ocean Worlds? [#6027] We present several examples and preliminary interpretations of new data from deep-draft ice in McMurdo, Antarctica as new constraints on how to think about the interaction of large and small scale thermohaline circulation on planetary ices.
11:00 a.m.		Discussion
12:00 p.m.		Lunch

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

WATER IN ICE: MISSION PROPOSALS AND FIELD WORK

1:00 p.m. USRA Conference Center

Chair: Christopher German

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Times	Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
1:00 p.m.	Stone W. C. * Siegel V. Richmond K.	Europa Station: Developing a Concept for Higher-Fidelity Analog-Environment Testing of Candidate Ocean World Technologies [#6039] We present a preliminary concept for Europa Station, an Antarctic field camp facility and technology development effort to advance development and testing of fully-integrated robotic systems for subsurface Ocean Worlds missions.
1:20 p.m.	German C. R. * Boetius A.	Robotics-Based Scientific Investigations at an Ice-Oean Interface: First Results from Nereid Under Ice in the Arctic [#6002] This paper will present new physical and biogeochemical results from the ice-ocean interface in the Arctic collected using the Nereid Under Ice vehicle which can access pristine ocean-ice interfaces that have not been perturbed by ice-breakers.
1:40 p.m.	McCarthy C. * Craft K. L. German C. R. Jakuba M. V. Lorenz R. D. Patterson G. W. Rhoden A.	Europa STI: Exploring Communication Techniques and Strategies for Sending Signals Through the Ice (STI) for an Ice-Ocean Probe [#6023] Europa STI is working laboratory and modeling tasks to address key risks for tethered and free-space communication between a descending subsurface probe within Europa’s ice shell and a surface lander.
2:00 p.m.		Discussion
2:40 p.m.		Break
3:00 p.m.	Nguyen T. * Nemetallah G. Aslam S.	Microfluidic Imaging for Europa Lander Using Digital Holographic Microscopy Based Convolutional Neural Network [#6009] We developed an optical microscopy for Europa Lancer mission for searching life. Off-axis Digital Holographic Microscope using visible laser and either numerical reconstruction or deep learning-based automatic-defocusing phase retrieval method.
3:20 p.m.	Bower D. M. * Hewagama T. Nixon C. A. Aslam S. Kolasinski J. Gorius N.	Indicators of Subsurface Composition on Ocean Worlds Detected by Raman and Reflectance Spectroscopy [#6011] Ocean Worlds (OW), like Europa and Enceladus, are covered in icy shells that obscure much of the processes and chemistry within the moons’ interior. Reflectance and Raman spectroscopy Raman can characterize salt- and organics-infused water ice.
3:40 p.m.	Khurana K. K. * Mitchell K. L. Castillo-Rogez J. C. Trident Team	Single-Pass Magnetometric Ocean Detection at Triton [#6038] Exotic Triton: / Detection by induction / Phase delay reveals.
4:00 p.m.	Lorenz R. D. *	Submarine Hunting and Ocean Worlds: The Importance of Asking the Right Questions [#6010] Operations Research and Bayesian quantification of certainty employed in WWII may help guide Ocean Worlds Exploration by exposing the expectation value of science return from candidate measurements and mission architectures.
4:20 p.m.		Discussion and Concluding Remarks