Low-Cost Science Mission Concepts for Mars Exploration

March 29–31, 2022

Pasadena, California

Program

Times listed are Pacific Daylight Time (PDT).  Time Zone Converter

8:30 a.m. PDT

9:30 a.m. MDT

10:30 a.m. CDT

11:30 a.m. EDT

5:30 p.m. CEST

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

8:30 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Welcome
8:45 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Mars Science Goals for Low-Cost Missions
10:15 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Programmatic Perspectives
1:00 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Lessons Learned in Low-Cost Mission Implementation
2:45 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Contributed Talks I
4:30 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Lightning Talks for Day 1 Poster Session
5:00 p.m.	Fountain Foyer	Poster Session Day 1

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

8:30 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Low-Cost Transportation to Mars
9:30 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Contributed Talks II
1:00 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Challenge of the Surface
1:45 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Contributed Talks III
3:30 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	NASA Technology Investments
4:30 p.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Lightning Talks for Day 2 Poster Session
5:00 p.m.	Fountain Foyer	Poster Session Day 2

Thursday, March 31, 2022

8:30 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Commercial Innovation for Low-Cost Missions
9:30 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Cost Models for Low-Cost Missions
10:15 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Contributed Talks IV
11:15 a.m.	Fountain Ballroom	Closing Session

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

WELCOME

8:30 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Times	Panel Member	Moderators
8:30 a.m.	Eric Ianson	Chad Edwards Shannon Curry

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

MARS SCIENCE GOALS FOR LOW-COST MISSIONS

8:45 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Perspectives on the potential role of low-cost missions in addressing Mars science objectives, including views from the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group and the recent Mars Architecture Strategy Working Group.

Times	Panel Members	Moderators
8:45 a.m.	Don Banfield Aileen Yingst Bruce Jakosky Wendy Calvin Alfonso Davila Claire Newman	Rich Zurek
10:00 a.m.		BREAK

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

PROGRAMMATIC PERSPECTIVES

10:15 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Programmatic views on the roles of low-cost missions in a future Mars exploration portfolio.

Chair: Chad Edwards

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
10:15 a.m.	Parrish J. *	Mars Exploration Program Office
10:27 a.m.	Rucker M. A. *	Role of Low-Cost Missions in Preparing for Human Mars Exploration [#5070] Developing an enterprise-level architecture encompassing future human-robotic science and exploration at the Moon and Mars requires a visionary approach to ensure NASA is responsive to national priorities and global science and technology advancement objectives.
10:39 a.m.	Davis R. M. * Collom B. Viotti M. Kelley M.	International Mars Ice Mapper Mission: A Reconnaissance Mission for the Human Exploration of Mars [#5071] An overview of the International Mars Ice Mapper mission, which would detect the location, depth, spatial extent, and abundance of near-surface water ice, as well as the geotechnical characteristics of its overburden.
10:51 a.m.	Culbert C. J. *	CLPS: Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) [#5073] Presentation Discussion of the CLPS program using commercial services to deliver to the Moon.
11:03 a.m.		DISCUSSION
11:30 a.m.		LUNCH

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Tuesday, March 29, 2022

LESSONS LEARNED IN LOW-COST MISSION IMPLEMENTATION

1:00 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Interactive discussion on the challenges and success strategies for executing low-cost missions.

Times	Panel Members	Moderator
1:00 p.m.	Rob Lillis Bethany Ehlmann Craig Hardgrove Joel Krajewski Bob Balaram Bruce Jakosky	Shannon Curry
2:25 p.m.		BREAK

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

CONTRIBUTED TALKS I

2:45 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Strategic Mars Science Questions; Low-Cost Mars Mission Concepts

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
2:45 p.m.	Fraeman A. A. * Rapin W. Bapst J. Matthies L. H. Ehlmann B. L. Golombek M. P. Langlais B. Lillis R. J. Mittelholz A. Weiss B. P. Chmielewski A. B. Delaune J. Izraelevitz J. S. Sklyanskyi E.	Science Enabled by Aerial Explorers: Addressing Outstanding Questions in the Martian Geological Record [#5045] A standalone Mars Science Helicopter could address questions about terrestrial planetary evolution. This asset could land using Mid-Air Helicopter Delivery, which would reduce EDL system complexity and cost.
3:00 p.m.	Montabone L. * Heavens N. G. Guzevich S. D. Cardesin-Moinelo A.	Mars Weather Monitoring from Orbit: A Low-Cost Scenario [#5056] Presentation We present a strategic Mars science objective well-suited to investigation via a low-cost, SmallSat constellation mission: weather monitoring.
3:15 p.m.	Sori M. M. * Ermakov A. I. Keane J. T. Bierson C. J. Bills B. G. Bramson A. M. D’Amico S. Evans A. J. Hemingway D. J. Izquierdo K. James P. B. Johnson B. C. Kahre M. A. Navarro T. O’Rourke J. G. Ojha L. Paik H. J. Park R. S. Simons M. Smith D. E. Smrekar S. E. Soderlund K. M. Steinbrügge G. Tikoo S. M. Vance S. D. Wagner N. L. Weber R. C. Zebker H. A.	Compelling Science Enabled by Gravity Investigations at Mars [#5034] Presentation We identify compelling questions in geodynamics and climate that could be realistically addressed by the acquisition of new gravity data at Mars. We will discuss which of these scientific questions could plausibly be addressed by low-cost missions.
3:30 p.m.	Guzewich S. D. * Heavens N. G. Montabone L. Lillis R. Barba N. Wooley R. Tamppari L. Abshire J. B. Smith M. D. Cremons D.	PAWSS: Polar-Orbiting Atmospheric Wind Small Satellite [#5035] Presentation Martian winds / Scientist’s best friend / From small-sats.
3:45 p.m.	Heavens N. G. * Montabone L. Lillis R. Guzewich S. Barba N. Wooley R.	AreostatioNary Exploration of Meteorology by Orbital Imaging (ANEMOI): A Low Cost Concept for Monitoring Martian Weather [#5013] Presentation Our goal at Mars is to unite the circulation with accumulation, as my two eyes make one in sight.
4:00 p.m.	Hayne P. O. * Byrne S. Smith I. B. Banfield D. Barba N. Giersch L.	Advancing Mars Polar Science with Micro-Landers [#5058] Key questions in Mars polar science can be addressed using small payloads deployed to the surface of the polar layered deposits, which record climate variations over the last several million years.
4:15 p.m.		BREAK

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

LIGHTNING TALKS FOR DAY 1 POSTER SESSION

4:30 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Presenters for the Day 1 Poster Session will Present 1-Minute/1-Slide Previews of Their Posters.

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Tuesday, March 29, 2022

POSTER SESSION: POSTER SESSION DAY 1

5:00 p.m. Fountain Foyer

Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
Bramble M. S. Hand K. P.	Consideration of the Martian Chloride Salt-Bearing Deposits as a Target for a Low-Cost Science Mission [#5064] We consider science objectives and measurement requirements for a low-cost mission to the martian chloride salt-bearing deposits.
Battalio J. M.	Opportunities for Constraining Mars’s Atmospheric Dynamics with Both Surface Networks and a Martian Satellite Fleet [#5062] Presentation Surface observation networks and satellite arrays can provide the next leap in our understanding of Mars’s atmospheric dynamics. Given the age of current orbiters, we must push for new assets to ensure gaps in the atmospheric record are minimized.
Thiemann E. M. B. Eparvier F. G.	Simple UV Photometers for Solar and Stellar Occultations of the Mars Upper Atmosphere [#5028] Solar and stellar occultations provide direct measurements of atmospheric density. UV photometers significantly reduce instrument complexity and SWAP as compared to traditional spectrograph instruments.
Parfitt C. E. McSweeney A. G. Ball A. J. Orgel C. Khan M. Vijendran S.	Low Cost Missions to Mars Studies at ESA [#5014] There is interest at ESA to assess the possibility of implementing low cost missions to Mars in the late 2020s. Several studies to assess potential mission architectures that meet the criteria for a low cost Mars mission are presented.
Todd C. Espley J. Bowens R. Cacciottolo L. Chattrabhuti M. Cruz S. Festa A. Glait R. May R. McDougall J. Prober E. Schachter J. Wich J. Gruesbeck J. Guzewich S.	Mars-BARS (Balloon for Aerial Regional-Scale Science): A Proposed Martian Aerial Platform Mission [#5038] Mars-BARS is a proposed regional-scale study of Mars. A mission of this type and scale fills a gap between the local- and planetary-scale science. The aerial platform for this mission has been selected to be a balloon through a rigorous trade study.
Engler S. T. Idota T.	Inexpensive Planetary Lava Tube Sky Light Lander and Exploration Drone [#5067] We propose a primitive concept of a small low-cost lander and exploration drone for lava tubes which can be attached to any upcoming exploration probes to Mars and the Moon. We hope to connect with those with expertise to help move project forward.
Arruego I. Genzer M. Apéstigue V. Martínez-Oter J. Gonzalo A. Hieta M. Camañes C. Haukka H. González-Guerrero M. de Pedraza A. Kestila A. Sard I. Ortega C. Guerrero H. Domínguez-Pumar M. Espejo S. Ceballos J. Palin M. Kivekäs J. Koskimaa P. Rodriguez-Manfredi J. A. Talvioja M.	Miniature Sensors Packages and Delivery System for Mars Exploration [#5029] We describe a 25kg-penetrator carrying 5kg of scientific payload, aimed at deploying a network of environmental stations on Mars. EDL concept, structure, main system budgets and sensors will be presented. The project has been funded by an ESA TRP.
Putzig N. E. Bernardini F. Morgan G. A. Sizemore H. G. Clark R. N. Perry M. R. Sidney W. P. Abbud-Madrid A. Pelella A. V.	Prospecting for Resources at Human Landing Sites on Mars [#5065] We present a mission concept for rapidly implementing a Mars resource-prospecting orbiter to address uncertainties regarding buried ice and hydrated minerals using instruments and a spacecraft bus already at high technology readiness levels.
Stuurman C.	COMPANION Smallsat RADAR Sounder for Mars Subsurface Imaging [#5018] This abstract describes a low-cost mission concept for a high bandwidth, P-band, smallsat radar sounder intended as a piggyback or rideshare for low-cost delivery to Mars for the purpose of subsurface water ice detection.
Lee P. Riedel J. E. Jones-Wilson L. L. Bradford S. C. Gebara C. A. Jones-Wilson W.	GlobeTrotter-Mars: All-Terrain Hopper for Mars Surface and Cave Exploration [#5059] GlobeTrotter-Mars is a concept all-terrain hopper for Mars surface and cave exploration. Four GT-Mars mission concepts are presented: GTA to Aram Chaos, GTI to Ius Chasma in Valles Marineris, GTO to Oudemans Crater, and GTP to volcanic pits in Tharsis.
Lillis R. J. Curry S. M. Ma Y. J. Curtis D. W. Taylor E. R. Parker J. S. Hara T. Luhmann J. G. Barjatya A. Larson D. E. Livi R. Whittlesey P. Modolo R. Harada Y. Fowler C. M. Xu S. S. Brain D. A. Withers P. Thiemann E. M. B. Mosleh E. Mandy C.	ESCAPADE: A Twin-Spacecraft SIMPLEX Mission to Unveil Mars’ Unique Hybrid Magnetosphere [#5012] ESCAPADE is a twin-spacecraft low-cost mission to explore the processes driving Mars’ hybrid magnetosphere. Enabled by tailored approaches to risk management, vertical integration and contracting, ESCAPADE will launch on a TBD rideshare in 2024.
Bills B. G. Gorski K. M. Lysek M. J. Mischna M. A. Park R. S. Paik H. J. Moody M. V. Collins C. Norton R. S. Richardson M. I. Lee C.	Gravitational Signatures of Seasonal Atmospheric Mass Transport on Mars [#5017] We propose a mission which would accurately measure the gravitational signatures of seasonal atmospheric mass transport on Mars, using a gravity gradiometer instrument, similar to one currently under development within the NASA MatISSE program.
Kleinboehl A. Kass D. Piqueux S. Greybush S. J. Kenyon M. E.	Mars Climate CubeSat Constellation (MC3) — A Low-Cost Orbital Constellation for Atmospheric Profiling, Polar Science and Surface Thermophysics [#5037] The Mars Climate CubeSat Constellation (MC3) is a concept of a low-cost orbital constellation to investigate poorly characterized short-term atmospheric and surface processes by providing global measurement coverage at multiple local times.
Noell A. C. Boland J. S. Carpenter K. C. Karras J. T. McCormick R. Cooper M. Mandrake L. Castano R. Willis P. A. Mora M. F. Jaramillo E. A. Ferreira Santos M. S. Kaufman J. M. Lang J. A. Eby M. A. Davila A. F. Quinn R. C. Ricco A. J.	Large Mars Surface Chemistry Science in a Small Budget [#5041] Presentation The distribution of chlorine species and abiotic organics are some of the Mars surface investigations possible with a novel approach to low cost missions that make use of the MarsDrop microlanders, microrovers and miniature instrumentation.
Andersson L. Bering E. A.	MARSCat: Imaging of the Martian Ionosphere using a CubeSat Constellation [#5068] The MarsCAT (Mars Array of ionospheric Research Satellites forming the Constellation for Aeronomy and Tomography) Mission is a multi 6U CubeSat mission to study the ionosphere of Mars.
Hobbs S. W. Lambert A. Ryan M. J.	Near-Space Testing of Low-Cost Remote Sensing Payload for Mars Applications [#5003] Low-cost Raspberry Pi sensors were tested in near-space and were able to return scientifically useful results, indicating their utility for multispectral sensors for Mars.
Babu Mannam N. P. Kumar Duba P. Pachamuthu R.	Bioinspired Dragonfly Concept for Mars Exploration: Analogous to Mars Ingenuity Helicopter [#5007] The dragonfly-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is designed and developed which consists of a pair of forwarding and backward wings subjected to heave and pitch motions producing maximum lift and thrust forces.
Mayyasi M. Erickson P. Lind F. Semeter J. Mazumder M. Knapp M.	An Energy-Efficient Incoherent Scatter Radar at Mars [#5010] We describe a lander-based implementation for an energy-efficient incoherent scatter radar at Mars. This instrument concept allows unique measurements of thermal properties of the martian atmosphere in regions that orbiting spacecraft cannot explore.
Kereszturi A. Miyamoto H. Pal B.	Flock of Low Cost Microlanders to Survey Liquid Water Potential on Mars Along the Receding Polar Cap [#5030] Chain of micro-landers used only parachute driven deceleration could survey the temperature and humidity of the shallow subsurface zone on Mars along the receding springtime seasonal water ice cap edge.
Campbell C. L. Smith C. L. Innanen A. Kloos J. L. Stone H. Benedix G. Meka S. Marrable D. Moores J. E.	MAPLE, a Simple Optical Meteorological Station for Mars [#5031] The Mars Atmospheric Panoramic camera and Laser Experiment (MAPLE) is an optical meteorological station for studying aerosols. Based on techniques from martian surface missions it will have low power, data and cost to optimize the returnable science.

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Wednesday, March 30, 2022

LOW-COST TRANSPORTATION TO MARS

8:30 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Panelists will share industry and NASA perspectives on low-cost approaches to delivering science missions to Mars, including piggyback, rideshare, and small launch vehicle options.

Times	Panel Members	Moderator
8:30 a.m.	Julianna Scheiman Eric Salwan Shaun Daly Ryan Woolley	Nathan Barba

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

CONTRIBUTED TALKS II

9:30 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Low-Cost Mars Mission Concepts

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
9:30 a.m.	Diniega S. * Barba N. Giersch L. Jackson B. Soto A. Rafkin S. Swann C. Sullivan R. Banfield D. Fenton L.	Optimally-Sized Mission Concepts for Focused In-situ Studies of Planetary Surface-Atmosphere Interactions [#5044] Presentation Small landers provide / Great surface process studies / Over different scales.
9:45 a.m.	Stähler S. C. * Panning M. P. Antonangeli D. Banerdt W. B. Banfield D. Banks M. Ceylan S. Charalambous C. Clinton J. Daubar I. Fernando B. Giardini D. Grott M. Horleston A. Hurst K. Kawamura T. Kim D. Knapmeyer M. Lorenz R. Margerin L. Marusiak A. Menina S. Mittelholz A. Murdoch N. Perrin C. Pike W. T. Schmelzbach C. Schmerr N. Schimmel M. Spiga A. Stott A. Taylor J. Weber R.	A Cerberus Fossae Seismic Network [#5024] Cerberus Fossae is the region of most significant tectonic activity in the InSight hemisphere, with a potential recent history of volcanism and water. We propose a geophysical and meteorological network of hard landers to unlock its secrets.
10:00 a.m.	Sapers H. M. * Moores J. E. Grandmont F. Maisonneuve M.	The Martian Atmospheric Gas Evolution (MAGE) Experiment: High-Frequency Near-Surface Trace Gas Measurements on Mars [#5050] MAGE: autonomous surface trace gas observatory capable of obtaining high-frequency sub-ppb measurements with low resource requirements compatible with three mission scenarios: (1) primary landed payload; (2) lander-integrated; (3) Rover deployable.
10:15 a.m.	Smith I. B. * Calvin W. Becerra P. Landis M. Byrne S. Hayne P. Bapst J. Chmielewski A. B. Delaune J.	Bifrost: Mars Polar Science Enabled by a Low-Cost Helicopter [#5066] Mars Polar Science Helicopter with low-cost vehicle and payload.
10:30 a.m.		BREAK
10:45 a.m.	Calvin W. M. * Green R. O. Fraeman A. A. Ehlmann B. L. Horgan B. H. N. Seelos K. D. Murchie S. L.	Oasis: Exploring Surface Water Reservoirs with Next Generation Imaging Spectrometers [#5025] Presentation Water is key to understanding ancient and modern climate records. This mission concept explores and quantifies, at high spatial resolution, the near-surface reservoirs of water in hydrated minerals and volatile ices and their evolution through time.
11:00 a.m.	Malin M. * Yee T. Jordan K. Roman M. Svitek T. Troy D.	Three Small Mars Missions Based on Common Spacecraft Systems: 1. Mars Stationary Orbiter (MSO) [#5048] Mars Stationary Orbiter (MSO) makes sci obs of surf/atmos and provides UHF relay for landed assets. ESPA-sized S/C Rideshares to GTO, waits in cis-lunar space for TMI, uses its bi-prop for TMI and MOI (?V ~ 3200 m/s). 1 S/C = $16M, 4 and ops $75M.
11:15 a.m.	Colaprete A. * Cook A. Mauro D. Bookbinder J. Maryatt B.	Aeolus: A Mars Climate Mission [#5061] Aeolus is a small satellite mission to observe surface and atmospheric forcing and general circulation of Mars, by measuring surface energy balance, atmospheric temperatures, aerosols and clouds, and winds.
11:30 a.m.	Tamppari L. K. * Livesey N. J. Chattopadhyay G. Barba N. J. Guzewich S. Kleinböhl A.	Scalable Mission Options for Measuring Winds and Water Vapor on Mars [#5020] Presentation Wind and water vapor profiles in the martian atmosphere are needed, high-priority measurements identified in many Mars program reports. We provide instruments and several mission scenarios that would obtain one or both of these measurements.
11:45 a.m.		LUNCH

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Wednesday, March 30, 2022

CHALLENGE OF THE SURFACE

1:00 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Landing on Mars poses a particular challenge for low-cost missions; this panel examines strategies for affordable access to the Martian surface.

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
1:00 p.m.	R. Manning *	Where’s my money going? - What makes Mars landers cost so much and what does it take to keep costs down?
1:22 p.m.	A. Fraeman *	An Outbrief from the 2021 KISS Workshop: “Revolutionizing Access to the Martian Surface”

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

CONTRIBUTED TALKS III

1:45 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Low-Cost Mars Mission Concepts; Capabilities of Orbital and Landed Small Spacecraft; Mission Design Approaches

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
1:45 p.m.	Pagano T. S. * Mischna M. A. Liuzzi G.	Hyperspectral Infrared Temperature Souding of Mars’ Atmosphere in a CubeSat [#5019] Presentation Advancements in detector and optics technology allow hyperspectral infrared measurements of Mars atmosphere to be made in a CubeSat. As done on Earth, these measurements can improve weather prediction on Mars and complement current observations.
2:00 p.m.	Giersch L. * Barba N. Cormarkovic V. Delapierre M. Golombek M. Williams N. Woolley R. Lobbia M. Sklyanskiy E. Burke R.	SHIELD: A New Low-Cost Architecture for Delivering Science Payloads to the Surface of Mars [#5042] Presentation The Small, High Impact Energy Landing Device (SHIELD) is being developed to demonstrate a new low-cost architecture for delivering science payloads to the surface of Mars.
2:15 p.m.	Austin A. * Lobbia M. Strauss B. Ravich J. Luthman L. Venkatapathy E. Wercinski P.	Drag Modulation Aerocapture Technology to Enable SmallSat Mars Orbiters [#5021] Aerocapture can enable science at Mars with SmallSats by using the drag of an atmospheric pass to reach orbit instead of large amounts of propellant. Drag modulation flight control allows for an orbit to be targeted in the presence of uncertainties.
2:30 p.m.	Benardini J. N. III * Seasly E. E. Spry J. A.	Planetary Protection for Low-Cost Mars Missions [#5063] Presentation This presentation will highlight planetary protection implementation strategies and issues for small robotic missions, based on mission case studies, and include a focus on NASA’s recently revised requirements document for planetary protection .
2:45 p.m.	Parker J. S. * Ott C. Koehler A. Baskar S. Sullivan T. M.	The ESCAPADE Mission Design [#5072] The Escape, Plasma and Acceleration Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission will send two spacecraft from a rideshare launch into a formation about Mars. This paper describes the astrodynamics challenges and ESCAPADE’s robust solution.
3:00 p.m.	Wercinski P. * Venkatapathy E.	Enabling New and Innovative Low Cost Mars Science Missions with the Adaptable, Deployable, Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT) [#5022] Presentation The Adaptable, Deployable, Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT) is a low ballistic coefficient planetary entry system that employs an umbrella-like deployable structure to serve as a hypersonic decelerator.
3:15 p.m.		BREAK

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

NASA TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS

3:30 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Panelists will discuss NASA technology investments that can contribute towards enabling low-cost Mars science missions.

Times	Panel Members	Moderator
3:30 p.m.	Carolyn Mercer Christopher Baker John Baker Michael Amato	Florence Tan

Wednesday, March 30, 2022

LIGHTNING TALKS FOR DAY 2 POSTER SESSION

Presenters for the Day 2 Poster Session will Present 1-Minute/1-Slide Previews of Their Posters.

4:30 p.m. Fountain Ballroom

Presenters for the Day 2 Poster Session will Present 1-Minute/1-Slide Previews of Their Posters.

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Wednesday, March 30, 2022

POSTER SESSION: POSTER SESSION DAY 2

5:00 p.m. Fountain Foyer

Authors (*Denotes Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
Putnam Z. R. Fawley D. M.	Drag Modulation Trajectory Control for Delivery of Low-Cost Mars Orbiters and Landers [#5060] Drag modulation is well-suited to low-cost missions because it provides good accuracy in a simple, mass-efficient package. We assess trajectory control options for aerocapture and entry drag modulation systems consistent with low-cost missions.
Deitrich N. Bayandor J.	A Multifunctional Tensegrity Rover Concept for Exploration of Extreme Martian Terrains [#5033] The proposed concept is a redesign of the Tension Adjustable Network for Deploying Entry Membrane (TANDEM) tensegrity rover for a low-cost mission to Mars. Focus is on the entry, descent, landing, and locomotion (EDLL).
Ramezani A. Sihite E. Devey S. Gharib M.	Efficient and Endured Aerial Mobility on Mars Using Novel Morphing Micro Aerial Vehicle Designs [#5051] This work presents our recent efforts to use aerial drones for Mars exploration.
Malin M. Yee T. Jordan K. Roman M. Svitek T. Troy D.	Three Small Mars Missions Based on Common Spacecraft Systems: 3. Mars Microlander/Rover [#5055] Mars Microlander/Rover is an ESPA-Grande-class S/C launched as a rideshare to GTO, uses a new, all-propulsive EDL system, a 1.6 m areoshell, a 40 kg rover with 12 kg of modular sci pld. Pallet lander w/ crushable nose. MER equivalent costs ? $300M.
Malin M. Yee T. Jordan K. Roman M. Svitek T. Troy D.	Three Small Mars Missions based on Common Spacecraft Systems: 2. Mars High Resolution Imager (MHRI) [#5052] Mars High Resolution Imager (MHRI) takes 11 cm/pxl pan and 64 cm/pxl 4 color 12 x 6 km swaths in stereo. It takes 10 m/pxl IR spectra between 1.2 µm and 6.3µm over 12 x 12 fields. Segmented 1 m mirror, is f/8,7. Total Mission cost is $86M w reserves.
French R. T. Mosleh E.	Affordable, High Impact Mission Concepts for Mars with Rocket Lab Space Systems [#5043] Rocket Lab provides frequent and reliable access to space with electron and recently announced the neutron medium lift launch vehicle. The Space Systems Division is expanding with small spacecraft capable of delivering Decadal-class science.
Grasso C. A. Riedel R. E.	Cost Savings with AutoNav Self-Navigating Spacecraft for Mars Missions [#5057] AutoNav Mark 4 performs on-board guidance and navigation of spacecraft for small Mars missions. The flight software provides optical navigation services, using images to perform orbit determination, and deriving maneuvers onboard for TCMs and OTMs.
Mittelholz A. Heagy L. Johnson C. L. Langlais B. Lillis R. J. Rapin W.	Helicopter Magnetic Field Surveys for Future Mars Missions [#5016] We investigate data sets that a future helicopter-based magnetometer might be able to provide by constructing simple forward models that resemble a range of plausible subsurface geological structures that allow experimenting with survey design.
Wronkiewicz M. Anderson R. C. Bandyopadhyay S. Brandon E. J. Goel A. Vander Hook J. Mischna M. Villarreal M. Rossi F.	Toward Economically Addressing Surface Science Questions on Mars with Distributed Instruments [#5049] Presentation Investigation into the atmosphere and interior of Mars would benefit from global surface measurements. Distributed instruments (comprised of multiple sensor platforms) are suitable for such studies and amenable to many off-the-shelf technologies.
Albert S. W. Schaub H. Braun R. D.	Efficient Delivery of a Network of Small Probes to the Martian Surface [#5011] Presentation Networks of probes can uniquely enable science on Mars. Minimizing the number, size, and complexity of maneuvers is desirable for mission design. We adapt B-Plane targeting to design maneuvers to deliver a network of probes from one cruise stage.
Woolley R. C. Barba N.	Mission Design Hurdles for Low-Cost Mars Missions [#5015] In this poster, we identify five mission design challenges that any mission to Mars must address to successfully arrive. We then discuss strategies and solutions tailored to low-cost missions including ridesharing, propulsion, etc.
Choi S. H. Moses R. W.	Low Cost Micro-Spectrometer for Resource Mapping on Mars [#5039] A micro-spectrometer technology developed at NASA offers a low-cost sensor and measurement instrument that can be packaged to allow integration into exploration mission systems to enable measurements in extreme access and extreme environments.
Hardgrove C.	Compact, Modular Neutron and Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Small Spacecraft Missions [#5076] Mini-NS spectrometer has been developed as part of the first NASA SMD SIMPLEx mission LunaH-Map. Future Mars missions can use Mini-NS modules and signal processing electronics to detect and determine abundances of hydrogen and rock-forming elements.
Rapin W. Maurice S. Wiens R. C. Dubois B. Parot Y. Bernardi P. Nelson T. Clegg S.	µLIBS: A Micro-Scale Elemental Analyser for Lightweight In Situ Exploration [#5032] Microanalysis is the next step forward in Mars exploration. We propose a new µ 1.5 kg instrument to perform precise elemental grid microanalyses at 20–50 cm standoff without the need of turret or arm deployment.
Rafkin S. C. R. Nowicki K. Silver J.	A Low Cost Tunable Laser Spectrometer for Mars Water Vapor, Trace Gases, and Eddy Flux Measurements [#5036] We describe a TRL 6 instrument that is capable of high precision and high frequency (>40 Hz) measurements of water, CO2, and various other trace gases, and which supports the acoustic determination of wind and eddy flux measurements at Mars.
Green R. O. Mouroulis P. Sullivan P. Bender H. Calvin W. Ehlmann B. Fraeman A. Thompson D. R. Vinckier Q. Keymeulen D. Klimesh M. Ardila D. Nadgauda S.	Low-Cost, High Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and High Fidelity Imaging Spectrometers for Mars [#5040] Low-cost, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high fidelity imaging spectrometers for future Mars missions.
Baker J. D.	Small Satellite Technologies for Low-Cost Mars Missions [#5047] New spacecraft and instrument capabilities exist today that can enable lower cost Mars exploration science missions. This abstract will describe at a high level several of the new capabilities available and the performance they offer.
Ramezani A. Sreenath K.	Thruster-Assisted Legged Mobility for Explorations on Mars [#5074] In this abstract, we propose employing thruster-assisted legged locomotion in form of continuous hopping gait to achieve efficiency and robust mobility in partial gravity on Mars. We give a brief overview of ongoing research and produced results.
Profitiliotis G.	Precompetitive Collaboration on Planetary Protection Technologies to Enable Low-Cost Mars Exploration [#5027] Planetary protection should be viewed as an avenue that accommodates the interests of space actors and of citizens, and should thus be maintained as a beneficial foundation for any upcoming Mars activities via a precompetitive collaboration scheme.
Ono M. Balaram B. J. Verma V. Atha D. J. Swan R. M. Didier A. K.	New Rover CONOPS with High-performance Onboard Computing: Give Up Raw Data to Reduce Ops Cost and Do More Science [#5053] Imagine every scientist/engineer can uplink and run analysis scripts on a rover like Jupyter Notebook. No need to downlink all the raw data anymore. This will remove the comm volume constraint, simplifying and saving the cost of tactical ops.
Brinckerhoff W. B. Davila A. F. Shkolyar S. Bebout L. E. Des Marais D. Getty S. Hoehler T. M. Jahnke L. Lau G. Lehmer O. Neveu M. Parenteau M. N. Pohorille A. Quinn R. C. Som S. Wilhelm M. B.	The Life Detection Knowledge Base: Organizing Astrobiology Knowledge and Technology for Mission Concept Development [#5075] We will summarize recent and planned efforts to develop the Life Detection Forum, a community-driven, living suite of online tools. LDF is intended to organize astrobiology knowledge and technology for use in life detection mission concept planning.

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Thursday, March 31, 2022

COMMERCIAL INNOVATION FOR LOW-COST MISSIONS

8:30 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Panel members will discuss emerging commercial capabilities that can enable low-cost Mars mission concepts.

Times	Panel Members	Moderator
8:30 a.m.	Richard French Timothy Linn Johannes Loschnigg Steve Bailey	Nathan Barba

Thursday, March 31, 2022

COST MODELS FOR LOW-COST MISSIONS

9:30 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Cost estimating approaches applicable to low-cost Mars missions are presented, addressing science and mission scope as well as overall mission risk posture.

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
9:30 a.m.	D. Bearden *	Adapting Cost Estimation Models to New Approaches and Recommended Science Community Paths
9:55 a.m.		BREAK

Thursday, March 31, 2022

CONTRIBUTED TALKS IV

10:15 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

Low-Cost Mars Mission Concepts; Instruments, Avionics, and Subsystems

Times	Authors (*Presenter)	Abstract Title and Summary
10:15 a.m.	Fleischer S. R. * Austin A. Barba N. J. Bjornstad P. Edwards C. D. Jr. Hihn J. M. Kolanjian A. Lock R. Saing M. Woolley R. C.	Assessing Cost Drivers for Mars Small Spacecraft Missions [#5023] Here we develop a cost model constrained by fundamental physics to predict Formulation and Implementation costs of small-medium missions to Mars as a function of a few, system-level inputs. Engineering and programmatic implications are discussed.
10:30 a.m.	Nunes D. C. * Grimm R. E. Barba N. Burgin M. Carpenter K. Krieger S. Manthena R. McGarey P.	Transmissive H2O Reconnaissance Sounder, TH2OR — A Compact Time-Domain Electromagnetic Instrument for Groundwater Detection [#5054] We are developing a planetary low-power, low-mass transient electromagnetic sounding instrument intended to test the hypothesis of an extant deep global aquifer at Mars.
10:45 a.m.	Wilhelm M. B. * Ricco A. J. Lee C. Lynch K. L. Beegle L. Cassell A. Barba N.	Low-Cost Mars In-Situ Astrobiology Measurements and Strategy [#5069] Low-cost Mars astrobiology missions should search for indicators of extant life, preserved remains of ancient life, and help improve understanding of modern habitability with a simple and complementary set of sensors in a small, ruggedized package.
11:00 a.m.	Espley J. R. * Sheppard D. A. Gruesbeck J. R. DiBraccio G. A.	Magnetic Observations at Mars: Plasma, Crust, and Subsurface [#5046] Magnetic observations at Mars are vital for several important areas, including its magnetosphere, atmosphere, crust, and subsurface. There are multiple low cost mission scenarios where magnetometers could make major advances in these areas.

Thursday, March 31, 2022

CLOSING SESSION

11:15 a.m. Fountain Ballroom

A summary discussion of conference highlights and take-aways.

Times	Panel Members	Moderators
11:15 a.m.	Eric Ianson Tiffany Morgan Joe Parrish Michael Meyer Scott Hubbard Aileen Yingst	Chad Edwards Shannon Curry
12:00 p.m.		Adjourn

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